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Diet at patients after total pancreatectomy
ŠEDIVÁ, Denisa
In the bachelor degree project Diet for the patients after total pancreatectomy I deal with a diet of the patients who underwent surgery called total pancreatectomy. The introduction of the theoretical part is focused on the anatomy of the pancreas and its function. The following part of the project is directly focused on carcinoma, its epidemiology, incidence, cause of the disease and also development. I also deal with clinical symptoms, treatment and pancreatectomy itself. The last part of the project is oriented towards nutrition for the patients after surgery. Further in this section, I deal with pancreatic and diabetic diet and diet during chemotherapy, which many of the respondents have undergone. As the goal of the project, I chose to look into the alimentation of the patients with this disease and to find out how difficult it is to combine three types of diet together. I focused on the observation of the intake of basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The practical part I compose as a qualitative research. There were 6 respondents who took part in the research. Unfortunately, only two of them provided me with their blood glucose values to evaluate their alimentation according to the diabetic diet. The result was very surprising. In relation to the seriousness of the illness, most of them ate basically without restriction. They were eating everything they wanted except sweet dishes, for example cakes and fried dishes. They just watched their blood glucose values. Despite all the experienced weight loss, their current alimentation meets recommendation and no one of them suffers from lack of any of the macronutrients according to the results.
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Functional role of Islet1 in pancreatic development
Malfatti, Jessica ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Krausová, Michaela (referee)
1 Abstract Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the dysfunction and reduction of insulin-producing cells, resulting in hyperglycemia, which in long term harms the organism. For future therapy, it is crucial to understand the function of various factors participating in the differentiation and maturation of endocrine pancreatic cells. The aim of this study was to unravel the functional role of ISL1 during the development of the pancreas. ISL1 is expressed in all endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhansbut its function remains unclear, especially during early pancreatogenesis. As the global deletion of this gene is embryonically lethal, we used the tissue specific deletion of Isl1 in Neurod1 possitive cells using the Cre-loxP system. In this work we studied the effect of this deletion on the structure of islets of Langerhans, the formation of endocrine cell types and relative expression of genes during early pancreatic development. A defective achitecture of islets together with postnatal absence of α-cells was found in the Isl1 deletion mutant. Also, the expression of genes important for the specification of α-cell lineage and their subsequent function was decreased. The secondary outcome was the optimalization of a protocol for effective sorting of endocrine cells using fluorescent flow cytometry, which...
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Study of genetic factors modifying the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer
Mohelníková Duchoňová, Beatrice ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic and lifestyle factors in the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The first part deals with the etiological factors and the importance of polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and genetic alterations in the gene CHEK2 in the origin of these malignancies. In the second part, the ABC transporter genes were analyzed as potential prognostic and predictive markers of a treatment's outcome. Materials and methods: The polymorphisms and other genetic alterations were detected using real-time PCR, allelespecific PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in DNA which was extracted from the blood of patients. The frequency of polymorphisms was evaluated and their importance was assessed with regard to the available epidemiological data. Gene expressions were determined by qPCR in paired samples of tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumorous parenchyma. Results: A majority of the observed polymorphisms failed to show a relationship between their presence and the risk of any of these malignancies. CYP2A13 variant allele*7 coding inactive enzyme was found in 7 of 265 controls and in none of 235 pancreatic carcinoma patients. In contrast, GSTP1-codon 105 Val variant allele and GSTT1-null genotype were associated with an elevated...
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Preparation of preptin, a peptide secreted from pancreatic islet beta cells, and its effect on insulin secretion
Zrubecká, Denisa ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Dračínská, Helena (referee)
in English Pancreas is an endocrine tissue which affects many physiological processes in organism. It has been known for a long lime that the pancreatic beta cells secret insulin. However, there are more hormones and substances secreted from the beta cells, mainly peptides such as insulin-like growth factors IGF, shorter peptides like amylin and many more. Some of them have not been even identified. Among these pancreatic products Ch. Buchanan's group from Auckland University, New Zeland identified 34 amino acids long peptide called preptin in 2001. Its amino acid sequence is identical with part of the preform of insulin-like growth factor 2 chain. It has been discovered that preptin has effect on osteoblast proliferation and insulin secretion. Nowadays preptin is being studied like a potential osteoporosis cure thanks to its increasing effect on osteoblasts proliferation. This thesis describes preparation and characterization of human and rat preptin and their two fragments (which contain amino acids 1-16 and 17-34) using solid-phase synthesis. The aim of the thesis is to test effects of rat preptin and its two fragments on insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cell line INS-1E. Part of the thesis is focused on binding assays of human preptin and its two fragments to IGF-1 receptor and also to...
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Development and function of endocrine cells of the pancreas
Hamplová, Adéla ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Berková, Zuzana (referee)
Diabetes mellitus affects nearly 300 million people in the world. The development of diabetes is caused by dysfunction or by reduction of insulin-producing β-cells that are part of the endocrine pancreas. Therefore, the most critical step for understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes and for restoring lost β cells is the identification of molecular cues that specify the cellular phenotype in the pancreas. This work is based on the hypothesis that the transcription factor NEUROD1 is a key factor for the development of the pancreas and for the maintenance of endocrine tissue function. Neurod1 conditional KO mutants (Neurod1CKO) were generated using the Cre-loxP system by crossing floxed Neurod1 mice with Isl1-Cre line. Immunohistochemical analyses of the pancreas at embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal day 0 showed that the deletion of Neurod1 negatively affected the development, organization of endocrine tissue, and total mass of pancreatic endocrine cells. To better understand molecular changes, quantitative PCR was used to analyse mRNA expression in the developing pancreas at the age of embryonic day 14.5 and postnatal day 1. Genes important for the development and function of the pancreas have been selected for the study of expression changes. These analyses showed changes in expression of genes...
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Development and function of beta-cells
Hamplová, Adéla ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Tereza (referee)
Insulin producing β-cells are located in the endocrine pancreas. They are a part of pancreatic islets of Langerhans along with α-, β-, δ-, ε- a PP-cells producing glucagon, somatostatin, ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin regulates glucose uptake into cells and thus contributes to the regulation of energy metabolism. The development of β-cells as well as the development of the pancreas is a complex process. Developmental processes of proliferation, differentiation and total pancreatic organogenesis are best described in the mouse model. The developmental processes and pancreatic functions are regulated by a network of transcription factors. Pancreatic duodenal homeobox gene 1 is a transcription factor that is expressed in the precursors of endocrine, exocrine and ductal cells. Neurogenin 3 is expressed in precursors of the islets of Langerhans cells. Islet 1 regulates the formation of the islets of Langerhans as well as the pair domains of transcription factors 4 and 6, whose expression is later limited only to β-cells. Transcription factors Islet 1 and Neurod 1 regulate insulin production in β-cells. Mutations in transcription factors lead to the abnormal development and altered function of pancreatic cells, including β-cells. Diabetes mellitus is a disease resulting from defects in...
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